Recital 12 Network and information system monitoring

To detect events, near misses and incidents means an incident as defined in Article 6, point (6), of Directive (EU) 2022/2555;, the relevant entities means a natural or legal person created and recognised as such under the national law of its place of establishment, which may, acting under its own name, exercise rights and be subject to obligations; should monitor their network and information systems means: an electronic communications network as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Directive (EU) 2018/1972; any device or group of interconnected or related devices, one or more of which, pursuant to a programme, carry out automatic processing of digital data; or digital data stored, processed, retrieved or transmitted by elements covered under points (a) and (b) for the purposes of their operation, use, protection and maintenance; and should take actions to evaluate events, near misses and incidents means an incident as defined in Article 6, point (6), of Directive (EU) 2022/2555;. Those measures should be capable of allowing the detection of network-based attacks based on anomalous inbound and outbound traffic patterns and denial of service attacks in a timely manner.