Recital 36 Research organisations

Research activities play a key role in the development of new products and processes. Many of those activities are carried out by entities means a natural or legal person created and recognised as such under the national law of its place of establishment, which may, acting under its own name, exercise rights and be subject to obligations; that share, disseminate or exploit the results of their research for commercial purposes. Those entities means a natural or legal person created and recognised as such under the national law of its place of establishment, which may, acting under its own name, exercise rights and be subject to obligations; can therefore be important players in value chains, which makes the security of their network and information systems means: an electronic communications network as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Directive (EU) 2018/1972; any device or group of interconnected or related devices, one or more of which, pursuant to a programme, carry out automatic processing of digital data; or digital data stored, processed, retrieved or transmitted by elements covered under points (a) and (b) for the purposes of their operation, use, protection and maintenance; an integral part of the overall cybersecurity means cybersecurity as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) 2019/881; of the internal market. Research organisations means an entity which has as its primary goal to conduct applied research or experimental development with a view to exploiting the results of that research for commercial purposes, but which does not include educational institutions. should be understood to include entities means a natural or legal person created and recognised as such under the national law of its place of establishment, which may, acting under its own name, exercise rights and be subject to obligations; which focus the essential part of their activities on the conduct of applied research or experimental development, within the meaning of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, with a view to exploiting their results for commercial purposes, such as the manufacturing or development of a product or process, the provision of a service, or the marketing thereof.